GENEVA — In an unprecedented gathering, heads of state from 140 nations convened at the United Nations headquarters in Geneva for an emergency climate summit described by organisers as "humanity's last realistic window" to prevent catastrophic global warming above 1.5°C.

The summit opened with a stark warning from the UN Secretary-General, who told delegates that "the science is no longer a forecast — it is a daily headline." Several major economies arrived with ambitious new commitments. The EU announced a binding pledge to reach net-zero by 2042, eight years ahead of its previous target.

Key Pledges

China unveiled a surprise plan to peak coal consumption by 2027. The United States committed an additional $50 billion to the Green Climate Fund and pledged bilateral assistance to 30 small island developing states most at risk from rising seas.

Emerging Economies Push Back

A coalition of developing nations led by India and Brazil argued that wealthy countries must provide technology transfers and financing before poorer nations can accelerate their own transitions.

Financial markets responded cautiously, with energy stocks dipping 2.1% and clean energy indices rising 4.3% in early trading.